The stock market is a market for trading shares held by public companies and related financial instruments (including stock options, trading and stock index forecasting.
There are several stock markets in advanced economies, with the largest market in the United States, China, Japan and Europe.
ndex stock
Main article: stock market index
Price movements in the market or part of the market captured in the so-called price index stock market index, which among others, Index Standard & Poor's, Index Left Financial. Index as above is usually measured by market capitalization.
Strategy
There are two types of trading that involves money or shares that are not owned short sale and purchase limits.
Short Sales
To more clearly see the short sales.
In short selling (short selling), a person selling shares they do not have their own, hoping the price will fall. They eventually had to buy back shares. Out of short positions by buying back shares is called "covering a short". Easy, someone borrowed other people's shares to be sold at market price. Then the person is hoping that the stock's price down so that could be bought back at lower prices to be returned to its owner (in stocks) and pocketing the profits (the difference between selling price and buying price).
Purchase limits
See also: pendongkrakan (finance)
In the purchase limit, a person borrows money to buy stocks and hope the stock price can rise. Many industrial countries have rules that require that lending based on collateral from other stocks, this borrowing must be within certain percentages of other stock prices. Other rules include the prohibition of "freeriding" (penungangan free); ie, put the message to buy shares without paying first, and then sell it and use the profits to pay the purchase price previously.
Kamis, 17 Desember 2009
Stock effects
Stock exchange or the stock market is a market related to the purchase and sale of securities or shares of the company and government bonds. The stock exchange, with money market is the main source of external financing for corporations and governments. Usually there is a central location, at least for the record, but the trade is now less and less linked to such a place, because the modern stock market today is the electronic network, which provides benefits in terms of speed and transaction costs. Trade in the stock can only be done by a member, the stockbroker. Supply and demand in stock markets supported the factors, just as in any free market, affecting the stock price (see the stock assessment).
A stock exchange is often the most important component of a stock market. There is no obligation to issue stock via the stock market itself and the shares have not traded at these exchanges: this sort of thing is called "off-exchange".
First offer of shares to investors called the prime market or the primary market and subsequent trading market called the second (secondary).
Conditions listing (listing share)
Companies must meet the requirements of a stock exchange so that their shares can be traded in dilist and there. For example, in order to be recorded in the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange), a company must have published at least 1 million shares at U.S. $ 100 million and must have earned more than U.S. $ 10 million in the last three years.
A stock exchange is often the most important component of a stock market. There is no obligation to issue stock via the stock market itself and the shares have not traded at these exchanges: this sort of thing is called "off-exchange".
First offer of shares to investors called the prime market or the primary market and subsequent trading market called the second (secondary).
Conditions listing (listing share)
Companies must meet the requirements of a stock exchange so that their shares can be traded in dilist and there. For example, in order to be recorded in the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange), a company must have published at least 1 million shares at U.S. $ 100 million and must have earned more than U.S. $ 10 million in the last three years.
Stocks
Stock is a unit of value, or accounting in a variety of financial instruments which refer to the ownership of a company.
he first company to issue shares is expected to Stora Kopparberg 13th century.
There are several types of shares, including ordinary shares (common stock), preferred stock (preferred stock), shares of property (treasury stock), and dual-class shares (dual class stock). Preferred stock generally has a higher priority than common shares in the distribution of dividends and assets, and sometimes have the right to select a higher like the ability to veto the merger or acquisition or the right to decline when the new shares issued (ie, preferred stock pemgang may purchase shares issued as much as he wants before the stock was offered to someone else). Ordinary shares sold on the stock exchange is the common stock and preferred stock is not traded on stock exchanges. Dual-class structure has several classes of shares (for example, Class A, Class B, Class C) each with advantages and disadvantages individually. Property stocks are shares that have been bought back from the community
Applications
Community members can purchase ordinary shares in the stock market via the broker. In Indonesia, the purchase of shares must be multiples of 500 pieces or referred to as 1 lot. Shares fractions (not round 500 sheets) can be traded in over the counter. One of the purposes the public to buy shares is to benefit by way of:
1. The increased value of capital (capital gains).
2. Getting dividends.
Some Indonesian companies to dual listing of shares on the Jakarta Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. Shares are traded on the NYSE is commonly known as American Depositary Receipt (ADR). Stock prices, may rise or fall, along with the circumstances that exist. At the time of monetary crisis in 1998, Composite Stock Price Index (JCI) which is a barometer of the stock in Indonesia slumped to reach values under 400. This causes the shares in the country to be under value. In the period 2002-2006, the value of JCI has been restored several times and even set a record.
In order to assess whether a stock is worth expensive or cheap, normally used as Earning ratio calculations-per-Share (EPS), Price-to-Earning Ratio (PER), Price-to-Book Value (PBV) and others. To invest in stocks, it is advisable to perform first valuation techniques and the money distributed to invest in some stocks, so that risk can be shared. In addition, many experts (Jeremy J. Siegel, James P. O'Shaughnessy) suggested that investing in the stock is in the long run. They suggested a range between 10-20 years to get significant results in berinvestadi in stock.
he first company to issue shares is expected to Stora Kopparberg 13th century.
There are several types of shares, including ordinary shares (common stock), preferred stock (preferred stock), shares of property (treasury stock), and dual-class shares (dual class stock). Preferred stock generally has a higher priority than common shares in the distribution of dividends and assets, and sometimes have the right to select a higher like the ability to veto the merger or acquisition or the right to decline when the new shares issued (ie, preferred stock pemgang may purchase shares issued as much as he wants before the stock was offered to someone else). Ordinary shares sold on the stock exchange is the common stock and preferred stock is not traded on stock exchanges. Dual-class structure has several classes of shares (for example, Class A, Class B, Class C) each with advantages and disadvantages individually. Property stocks are shares that have been bought back from the community
Applications
Community members can purchase ordinary shares in the stock market via the broker. In Indonesia, the purchase of shares must be multiples of 500 pieces or referred to as 1 lot. Shares fractions (not round 500 sheets) can be traded in over the counter. One of the purposes the public to buy shares is to benefit by way of:
1. The increased value of capital (capital gains).
2. Getting dividends.
Some Indonesian companies to dual listing of shares on the Jakarta Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. Shares are traded on the NYSE is commonly known as American Depositary Receipt (ADR). Stock prices, may rise or fall, along with the circumstances that exist. At the time of monetary crisis in 1998, Composite Stock Price Index (JCI) which is a barometer of the stock in Indonesia slumped to reach values under 400. This causes the shares in the country to be under value. In the period 2002-2006, the value of JCI has been restored several times and even set a record.
In order to assess whether a stock is worth expensive or cheap, normally used as Earning ratio calculations-per-Share (EPS), Price-to-Earning Ratio (PER), Price-to-Book Value (PBV) and others. To invest in stocks, it is advisable to perform first valuation techniques and the money distributed to invest in some stocks, so that risk can be shared. In addition, many experts (Jeremy J. Siegel, James P. O'Shaughnessy) suggested that investing in the stock is in the long run. They suggested a range between 10-20 years to get significant results in berinvestadi in stock.
Financial accounting
Financial accounting is part of the accounting related to the preparation of financial statements for external parties, such as shareholders, creditors, suppliers, and government. The main principles used in financial accounting is the accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Equity). Financial accounting records in relation to any transaction for a company or organization and preparation of periodic reports from these records the results. This report is prepared for the public interest and is usually used to assess the company owner or manager of achievement used as a manager of financial accountability to its shareholders. This is important from a financial accounting of Financial Accounting Standards (SAK) which are the rules that must be used in the measurement and presentation of financial statements for external purposes. Thus, the expected users and compilers of financial reports can be communicated through these financial statements, because they use the same reference of SAK. SAK was began to be applied in Indonesia in 1994, replacing the Accounting Principles prinsi Indonesia in 1984.
Shareholders (in English: shareholder or stockholder), is a person or legal entity which legally has one or more shares in the company. The shareholders are the owners of the company. Companies listed on stock exchanges trying to improve its stock price. The concept of shareholders is a theory that the company only has a responsibility to its shareholders and owners, and should work to their advantage
Shareholders are given special rights depending on the type of stocks, including the right to vote (usually one vote per share owned) in such a selection board of directors, the rights to the distribution of corporate earnings, the right to purchase new shares issued by companies, and the right the company's assets at the time of liquidation of the company. However, shareholders rights to company assets under the company's creditors rights. This means that shareholders typically receive nothing if a company is liquidated after bankruptcy (if the company has more to pay its creditors, the company is not going bankrupt), although a stock may have a price after the bankruptcy if there is a possibility that corporate debt will restructured.
Economics is one social science which studies human activities associated with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. The term "economy" itself comes from the Greek word οἶκος (Oikos) which means "family, household" and νόμος (nomos), or "rules, regulations, laws," and generally translated as "household rules" or "management household. " While the definition of an economist or an economist is a person using economic concepts and data in the work.
Shareholders (in English: shareholder or stockholder), is a person or legal entity which legally has one or more shares in the company. The shareholders are the owners of the company. Companies listed on stock exchanges trying to improve its stock price. The concept of shareholders is a theory that the company only has a responsibility to its shareholders and owners, and should work to their advantage
Shareholders are given special rights depending on the type of stocks, including the right to vote (usually one vote per share owned) in such a selection board of directors, the rights to the distribution of corporate earnings, the right to purchase new shares issued by companies, and the right the company's assets at the time of liquidation of the company. However, shareholders rights to company assets under the company's creditors rights. This means that shareholders typically receive nothing if a company is liquidated after bankruptcy (if the company has more to pay its creditors, the company is not going bankrupt), although a stock may have a price after the bankruptcy if there is a possibility that corporate debt will restructured.
Economics is one social science which studies human activities associated with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. The term "economy" itself comes from the Greek word οἶκος (Oikos) which means "family, household" and νόμος (nomos), or "rules, regulations, laws," and generally translated as "household rules" or "management household. " While the definition of an economist or an economist is a person using economic concepts and data in the work.
Accounting
Accounting is the measurement, description, or the provision of assurance about information that will help managers, investors, tax authorities and other decision makers to make resource allocation decisions within companies, organizations, and government agencies. Accounting is the art of measuring, communicating and interpreting financial activity. Broadly, accounting is also known as the "language of business". [1] Accounting aims to prepare an accurate financial reports to be used by managers, policy makers, and other interested parties, such as shareholders, creditors, or owners. Recording daily involved in this process is known as bookkeeping. Financial accounting is a branch of accounting in which financial information is recorded on a business, classified, summarized, interpreted, and communicated. Auditing, a related discipline but remain separate from the accounting, is a process whereby an independent examiner examining an organization's financial statements to give an opinion or opinions - a reasonable but not fully guaranteed - about the fairness and compliance with accounting principles generally acceptable.
Accounting practitioners known as accountants. Certified accountants have a certain degree different in each country. An example is a Chartered Accountant (FCA, CA or ACA), Chartered Certified Accountant (ACCA or FCCA), Management Accountant (ACMA, FCMA or AICWA), Certified Public Accountant (CPA) and Certified General Accountant (CGA). In Indonesia, a certified public accountant is a CPA Indonesia (formerly: BAP or Certified Public Accountant).
Modern Accounting
The heart of modern financial accounting is the bookkeeping system pairs. This system involves making at least two entries for each transaction: a debit in one account, and a related credit to another account. The total flow must always be equal to the amount of credit overall. This will facilitate the examination if something goes wrong. This method was first known use in the Middle Ages in Europe, although there is also the opinion that this method has been used since ancient Greece.
Critics say that the standard accounting practice not much changed from the first. Accounting reforms in various forms always occur in each generation to maintain the relevance of accounting in capital assets or production capacity. However, this does not change the basic principles of accounting, which is expected to not depend on such economic effects.
Accounting practitioners known as accountants. Certified accountants have a certain degree different in each country. An example is a Chartered Accountant (FCA, CA or ACA), Chartered Certified Accountant (ACCA or FCCA), Management Accountant (ACMA, FCMA or AICWA), Certified Public Accountant (CPA) and Certified General Accountant (CGA). In Indonesia, a certified public accountant is a CPA Indonesia (formerly: BAP or Certified Public Accountant).
Modern Accounting
The heart of modern financial accounting is the bookkeeping system pairs. This system involves making at least two entries for each transaction: a debit in one account, and a related credit to another account. The total flow must always be equal to the amount of credit overall. This will facilitate the examination if something goes wrong. This method was first known use in the Middle Ages in Europe, although there is also the opinion that this method has been used since ancient Greece.
Critics say that the standard accounting practice not much changed from the first. Accounting reforms in various forms always occur in each generation to maintain the relevance of accounting in capital assets or production capacity. However, this does not change the basic principles of accounting, which is expected to not depend on such economic effects.
Sabtu, 05 Desember 2009
7 Keys Prosperity.
Not infrequently arises a sense of awe, wonder also to those who can live in financial comfort. Whereas all the economic difficulties due to the global financial crisis, for example, they also feel and experience. What causes or distinguish those who live in financial comfort, with those who always feel restless every month, well because the salaries are much needed and limited ..
UP!
Sure, bad things happen in life. Then what would you do? Self-pity and blame the circumstances or the UP and focus on the things that can be changed and controlled? Because they are affluent dare accept the bad things that have happened, but soon Arise and take action!
SOCIAL CAPITAL
Is the best asset you have. Social relations into an asset when the relationship bore an action / actions that carry good. Those who know how to use the prosperous social capital for financial convenience and never stop developing and maintaining existing relationships with friends, coworkers, or neighbors.
PASSION
Those who live in prosperity love what they do. Of course, sometimes difficult to obtain sufficient income if only doing the things you like. So the key is to change the paradigm of thinking and try to love your job. What it means to have money, without a sense of happiness?
INTUITION
Present the pattern of thought that allows people to feel or predict what will happen in the future. Intuition must continue to be cultivated and trained to be more sharp and makes us human beings who are more alert and observant to face a variety of situations.
SAVING
Diperioritaskan savings habits and should be owned in common one of these people for life, yes .. saving must become a habit rather than an obligation.
INVESTMENT
As the global economic situation collapsed, the soaring prices and investment in the form of a car or home values drop, those who choose to make money off their "work" such as stock market. Of course, to benefit some risks must be taken. They buy stocks whose prices top was down and then when the economy improves they sell at high prices, or you can entrust to reliable investment manager. Of course, not only investment but also can disaham in such other deposits, insurance, mutual funds, property, business, gold, and so forth. What is important is your carefulness in seeing a situation where the conditions and opportunities that can be taken so that can double your money based on the analysis of a mature and sustainable.
UP!
Sure, bad things happen in life. Then what would you do? Self-pity and blame the circumstances or the UP and focus on the things that can be changed and controlled? Because they are affluent dare accept the bad things that have happened, but soon Arise and take action!
SOCIAL CAPITAL
Is the best asset you have. Social relations into an asset when the relationship bore an action / actions that carry good. Those who know how to use the prosperous social capital for financial convenience and never stop developing and maintaining existing relationships with friends, coworkers, or neighbors.
PASSION
Those who live in prosperity love what they do. Of course, sometimes difficult to obtain sufficient income if only doing the things you like. So the key is to change the paradigm of thinking and try to love your job. What it means to have money, without a sense of happiness?
INTUITION
Present the pattern of thought that allows people to feel or predict what will happen in the future. Intuition must continue to be cultivated and trained to be more sharp and makes us human beings who are more alert and observant to face a variety of situations.
SAVING
Diperioritaskan savings habits and should be owned in common one of these people for life, yes .. saving must become a habit rather than an obligation.
INVESTMENT
As the global economic situation collapsed, the soaring prices and investment in the form of a car or home values drop, those who choose to make money off their "work" such as stock market. Of course, to benefit some risks must be taken. They buy stocks whose prices top was down and then when the economy improves they sell at high prices, or you can entrust to reliable investment manager. Of course, not only investment but also can disaham in such other deposits, insurance, mutual funds, property, business, gold, and so forth. What is important is your carefulness in seeing a situation where the conditions and opportunities that can be taken so that can double your money based on the analysis of a mature and sustainable.
Jumat, 04 Desember 2009
Tip Opening Pharmacy Business
I am a pharmacist, plans to open a pharmacy business. Differentiation about what I have developed, given the competition in the pharmacy business very much.
Hopefully the efforts you take care of establishing a pharmacy running smoothly so far, both in terms of licensing and contract with the producer / distributor of the drug.
Differentiation is necessary to be able to compete in a market full of competition in the pharmacy business is. However, first I want to remind you not to forget things? standard? which also can affect the success of the business opportunities you.
First of all, location. Remember, although the distance between pharmacies are not regulated by the government, but you must consider the potential of the region, such as population and the population's purchasing power. There should also consider the existence of other health services in the area, such as doctors, health centers, hospitals, and of course, other pharmacies. And a strategic location for a pharmacy building will determine whether consumers would be interested in coming to a pharmacy you or even stop by the competitors because of its more accessible to vehicles or public transportation.
Second, do not forget to complete the building and pharmacy equipment. Do not let the consumer's first experience shopping in a pharmacy does not charge you, either at the time of waiting for a prescription is prepared or in the case of the poor quality of drugs that are redeemed for lack of a pharmacy standard equipment. Remember, a happy customer is a return customer.
Well, in terms of differentiation, try to arrange for such dispensaries small convenience store. Start thinking about what products can you sell in pharmacies and gentlemen, that a lot of products in demand. I'm sure you've seen a pharmacy chain store such as Century or Guardian. Well, you can mimic the layout of the pharmacy network. For example, if you around a bit difficult to find a seller of cosmetics, consider selling beauty products there. Small food and drink you could also consider, that in addition to increasing revenue, will also increase the comfort of buyers waiting for prescriptions drugs. Noteworthy is that goods impulsive nature (consumers interested in buying the saw) should be in the front rack, if necessary, right in front of the entrance.
After the goods are impulsive, you can put a shelf filled with traditional medicines such as herbal medicine. Faithful followers of traditional medicines in Indonesia are still many, and the margin could be more attractive than selling branded drug where the drug manufacturer snapper class has the power to impose small price to distributors. Rack containing vitamins (once again, a product that promises greater profits) can also be placed in the front row.
Then prepare a rack that contains free medicines / OTC. To distinguish with other pharmacies, complete the collection of free drugs was as much as possible, especially the superior product. If the pharmacy you more complete than the drugstore competitors, consumers will be more likely to choose a pharmacy Dad, even though for example, the selling price a little more expensive.
Hopefully the efforts you take care of establishing a pharmacy running smoothly so far, both in terms of licensing and contract with the producer / distributor of the drug.
Differentiation is necessary to be able to compete in a market full of competition in the pharmacy business is. However, first I want to remind you not to forget things? standard? which also can affect the success of the business opportunities you.
First of all, location. Remember, although the distance between pharmacies are not regulated by the government, but you must consider the potential of the region, such as population and the population's purchasing power. There should also consider the existence of other health services in the area, such as doctors, health centers, hospitals, and of course, other pharmacies. And a strategic location for a pharmacy building will determine whether consumers would be interested in coming to a pharmacy you or even stop by the competitors because of its more accessible to vehicles or public transportation.
Second, do not forget to complete the building and pharmacy equipment. Do not let the consumer's first experience shopping in a pharmacy does not charge you, either at the time of waiting for a prescription is prepared or in the case of the poor quality of drugs that are redeemed for lack of a pharmacy standard equipment. Remember, a happy customer is a return customer.
Well, in terms of differentiation, try to arrange for such dispensaries small convenience store. Start thinking about what products can you sell in pharmacies and gentlemen, that a lot of products in demand. I'm sure you've seen a pharmacy chain store such as Century or Guardian. Well, you can mimic the layout of the pharmacy network. For example, if you around a bit difficult to find a seller of cosmetics, consider selling beauty products there. Small food and drink you could also consider, that in addition to increasing revenue, will also increase the comfort of buyers waiting for prescriptions drugs. Noteworthy is that goods impulsive nature (consumers interested in buying the saw) should be in the front rack, if necessary, right in front of the entrance.
After the goods are impulsive, you can put a shelf filled with traditional medicines such as herbal medicine. Faithful followers of traditional medicines in Indonesia are still many, and the margin could be more attractive than selling branded drug where the drug manufacturer snapper class has the power to impose small price to distributors. Rack containing vitamins (once again, a product that promises greater profits) can also be placed in the front row.
Then prepare a rack that contains free medicines / OTC. To distinguish with other pharmacies, complete the collection of free drugs was as much as possible, especially the superior product. If the pharmacy you more complete than the drugstore competitors, consumers will be more likely to choose a pharmacy Dad, even though for example, the selling price a little more expensive.
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